Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers Go Back to List Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Tools & Technology
Tools used in this occupation:
	Rock cutters
	Jaw crushers
	Cyclone or vortex grinders
	Pneumatic rock drills
	Hydraulic rock drills

Technology used in this occupation:
	Analytical or scientific software
	Map creation software
	Computer aided design CAD software
	Data base user interface and query software
	Graphics or photo imaging software

Tasks
		Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.
		Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.
		Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.
		Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.
		Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.
		Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice regarding issues such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.
		Identify risks for natural disasters such as mud slides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, providing advice on mitigation of potential damage.
		Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.
		Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, applying geological knowledge and using test equipment and drilling machinery.
		Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.

Skills
		Science - Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
		Reading Comprehension - Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
		Active Listening - Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
		Speaking - Talking to others to convey information effectively.
		Complex Problem Solving - Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
		Judgment and Decision Making - Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
		Critical Thinking - Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
		Writing - Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
		Time Management - Managing one's own time and the time of others.
		Monitoring - Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Knowledge
		Engineering and Technology - Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
		Geography - Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
		Computers and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
		Mathematics - Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
		Physics - Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
		English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
		Chemistry - Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
		Customer and Personal Service - Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
		Law and Government - Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
		Administration and Management - Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

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Education & Training     Education:   Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.   Related Experience:   A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.

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Wage Information
	Region Average Entry Level  Mid-Range  Annual  Hourly  Statewide Units $71,560 $34.40  $23.06  $25.35 - $41.91  Hartford $66,738 $32.08  $22.21  $23.48 - $40.41  New Haven $78,489 $37.74  $30.82  $32.80 - $43.41  New London/Norwich $87,373 $42.01  $28.03  $32.98 - $54.17  Worcester, MA $84,972 $40.86  $23.93  $27.72 - $50.03

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	Some of the occupational information on this page is formulated from O*NETTM v17.0 data. O*NETTM is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.